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Directions: You are expected to study this section in class. Don’t preview.
- Word Pretest
For each italicized word or phrase , choose the best meaning below.
1. Her nervous behavior testifies to her guilt.
A. denies
B. shows
C. contradicts
2. He rectified the earlier judgment.
A. changed
B. modified
C. corrected
3. Don’t compound you mistake by lying to the police.
A. complicate
B. repeat
C. repeat
4. Their attempt to recapture Calais was foiled by a traitor.
A. discovered
B. thwarted
C. helped
5. The only alternative to being taken prisoner was to die fighting.
A. decision
B. option
C. action
6. The government has taken action to restrain inflation.
A. stop
B. solve
C. control
7. He sits on the consultative committee.
A. budget
B. public relations
C. advisory
8. They are making efforts to improve the bilateral relations.
A. affecting one party
B. affecting two parties
C. affecting three parties
2 Text
2.1Cultural Background
[视频]香港沧桑·序－百年风云 
央视国际 www.cctv.com 2007年05月31日 20:08 来源： CCTV.com
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视频截图资料：1984年12月19日，中英《联合声明》签字仪式
视频截图资料：1984年，邓小平在中英联合声明签字仪式上
视频截图资料：1984年，邓小平与撒切尔夫人在中英联合声明签字仪式上碰杯
1984年12月19日，这一天对于中华民族可以说是一个盛大的节日。那一刻，中英两国领导人的友好握手预示着一个划时代时刻即将到来。
1984年12月19日，中华人民共和国与英国关于香港问题的联合声明，在北京人民大会堂正式签订。全中国人民望着这里，世界各地的中华民族的子孙瞩目着这里，各国的传媒也把镜头聚焦在这里。请记住，这庄严的时刻，签字笔下终于迎来了一个民族在屈辱回忆中浸泡了150年的沧桑岁月，在这份声明中宣告。中国政府将在1997年7月1日，对香港恢复行使主权。（图文资料来源：纪录片《香港沧桑》）
the Five Principles of Peacful Coexistence:
(1) Mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty;
(2) Non-aggression;
(3) Non-interference in each other's internal affairs;
(4) Equality and mutual benefit;
(5) Peaceful coexistence.
Mrs．Margaret Thatcher：撒切尔(1925一)，英国保守党女首相(1979--1990)。生于林肯郡格兰瑟姆。牛津大学毕业。后从事化学研究工作。婚后于1954年执律师业。1959年进入下议院。1970--1974年任教育大臣。1975年任保守党领袖，成为英国政治史上第一位女领袖。在她的领袖下保守党自二战以来更向右转。她的政府将国营企业和公用事业私有化，借以创造市场，并将国家保健、教育也纳入市场经济，减少地方政府的职能。1987年第三次当选，到1988年已成为20世纪英国任职最长的首相。1990年因反对与欧洲财政经济更加紧密联合而辞职。
Robert Hooke：虎克(1635—1703)，英国化学家和物理学家，生于怀特岛弗雷斯沃特。就学于威斯特敏特和牛津，1662年任皇家学会实验管理员，1667年任该会秘书。他建立弹性定律，称虎克定律，还发明钟表平衡弹簧。葛雷哥里望远镜和显微镜实际上也是他发明的，他曾用以进行过重要的观测，许多结果发表在他的著作《微观图集》(Micrographia，1665)中。卒于伦敦。
Royal Society：英国皇家学会，英国很有声望的科学机构，是世界上最古老的科学机构。1666年在伦敦格雷欣学院举行成立大会。
(September 22, 1982)
Your Excellency, Ladies and Gentlemen,
Thank you for you kind words, Mr. Premier. I am a doubly privileged visitor. Not only is this the second time in five years that I have visited China to enjoy your warm and generous hospitality, but I find to my astonishment that I am the first British Prime Minister in office to do so. This does not mean that we have been neglectful of China. The stream of high-leave visitors in both directions testifies to that. Nevertheless, it is an omission which I am proud to be able to rectify and I hope my presence here tonight is further proof of the importance we in Britain attach to relations with your great country.
It is a long way from Peking to London. The distance has sometimes seemed compounded by historical, philosophical and political gap in our outlooks. It is nevertheless many years since our two worlds first touched.
In 1596 Queen Elizabeth the First wrote to the Ming Emperor Wan Li expressing the hope that trade could be developed between Britain and China.
In 1686 Robert Hooks of the Royal Society wrote that “A better knowledge of China’s civilization would lay open to us an empire of learning, hitherto fabulously described.” Since then generations of my countrymen have been fascinated by China. Soon British scientists became more frequent visitors to China which, as all recognize is the home of many important scientific inventions. Cultural and scientific contact went from strength to strength through the 19th and early 20th centuries, and the tradition of Chinese studies in Britain has continued to the present day.
Our political relations have been more varied. But there were important moments when history brought us together. I recall Sun Yatsen’s very close contacts with Britain, leading up to the famous attempt by the then Chinese legation to kidnap him and return him to China, a plot which was foiled with the help of the British Foreign Office. Another more recent example perhaps says something more about the two countries: for some time in 1940 and 1941 Britain and China were the only two nations actively engaged in the war against fascism. Ten years later we were one of the first West European countries to recognize the Chinese People’s Republic.
Today, although our political philosophies are very different, our understanding has grown enormously and in world affairs our interests over areas are close.
I come to China at an important time. Your historic 12th Congress has laid down new guidelines for your administration and your plants for construction. I have been struck in the China of today by the mood of realism and the practical determination to achieve steady, well-based economic development within your own system of beliefs and principles.
We know that for both domestic and international problems, there are no magic solutions, no soft options. Peace with freedom is our first principle. And we know that to preserve that peace we must be strong. It is an illusion to think that there is an effective alternative. It is weakness that attracts an aggressor, not strength. Aggression must not be allowed to pay. I believe you have an expression that says the same thing in a vivid way: “We must not give wings to tigers.”
Opposition to hegemonism is fundamental Chinese principle of which you, Mr. Premier, have spoken. It is a concept we in Western Europe understand. It is because of our opposition to hegemonism that we in Europe are determined to resist military and political pressures which would erode our independence and undermine our form of government and way of life. This is why we have joined together in NATO in a free association of countries united not only by common political philosophies, but by the will to resist.
Retreat from unpleasant realities into comforting illusions rarely solves any problems. But there are also some comforting realities in international affairs such as the growing unity of purpose of the European Community and the fundamental strength of the North Atlantic Alliance on which Western security and prosperity are founded.
Because of our historical experience and our active participation in the Commonwealth, Britain is responsive to the concerns, particularly the economic concerns, of the developing countries. We are developing countries. We are continuing a large aid programme despite our need to restrain public expenditure. We are making it possible for private individuals and firms to play their part, for example for private individuals and firms to play their part, for example, by the removal of exchange control restrictions, which had encouraged private investment abroad. We support the open trading system which is to the ultimate advantage of all. We know that long-term prosperity of the countries is linked with our own.
Since my first visit in 1977 there have been many changes in the world, and there have been changes in China too. One change which gives me particular encouragement is the way in which Sino-British relations have developed. Many British Ministers have been here as your guests. We have been able to welcome many of your own leaders in Britain. Sino-British links have multiplied — political, commercial, educational, cultural, defence, science and technology. Our trade has expanded, though not as much as I should like. Chinese exports to Britain are increasing and we should like to see an increase in our exports to China as well as an increase in the volume of trade. British industry has become much more competitive in the last year or two. It now stands ready to help China’s ambitious modernization programme, especially in sectors where China had declared a priority interests: in energy, including oil and coal mining, in communications, building, port construction, aviation and telecommunications, and in agricultural science and consultative services. In al theses fields we shall be glad to work with you.
We already recognize that we have similar interests over wide areas. We have a growing habit of high-level ex-changes on word problems and on bilateral issues. We have had a useful first round of talks today. We have not yet begun our discussion on Hong Kong. I look forward to pursuing this important matter with you tomorrow.
Mr. Premier, I have referred to the geographical distance between our two countries, but geography is not decisive, particularly in the shrinking world of today. In a poem addresses to a departing friend, one of your Tang poets said “Provided our friendship survives, distances mean very little; although dwelling on far horizon we can still be as near neighbours.” His words apply to nations, too. The friendship between Britain and China is good for us and good for the world. I am proud to be here tonight to help write a new page in the history of that friendship.
May I now propose a toast to the health of his Excellency, Mr. Ye Jianying, Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, to the health of Chinese leaders, to all distinguished Chinese friends present and to the further development of the friendship between Great Britain and China.
Total Words: 1179
Total Reading Time: ______
Reading Comprehension
Circle the letter of the best answer.
1. Mrs. Thatcher was ____ to visit China.
A. the first British Prime Minister
B. the first retired British Prime Minister
C. the first British Prime Minister in office
2. Mrs. Thatcher mentions Queen Elizabeth the First to illustrate _____.
A. the long history of contact between China and Britain
B. the friendship between China and Britain
C. the conflict between China and Britain
3. When did the British government recognize the People’s Republic of China?
A. 1949
B. 1951
C. 1959
4. When Mrs. Thatcher says “Aggression must not be allowed to pay,” she means ___.
A. aggression must not be allowed to get the payment.
B. aggression must not be allowed to bear the cost of war
C. aggression must not be allowed to result in any advantage or benefit.
5. According to Mrs. Thatcher, NATO is a free association of countries united by the following except _____.
A. common political philosophies
B. economic prosperity
C. the will to resist military and political pressures from outside
6. Mrs. Thatcher implies that the trade expansion was due to _____.
A. an increase in British exports to China
B. an increase in Chinese exports to Britain
C. the competitiveness of British industry
7. China declared a priority interest in the following sectors except ______.
A. port construction
B. communications
C. iron and steel
8. Mrs. Thatcher quotes a Tang poem addressed to a departing friend to _____.
A. show her knowledge of ancient Chinese literature
B. emphasize the importance of the friendship between Britain and China
C. say farewell to her Chinese friends
Key
Vocabulary Building
Definition
Define the following terms in your own words.
diplomacy
hegemonism
convention
diplomatic relations
the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence
Idiom
Complete the following sentence with the appropriate idiomatic expressions which are related to the idea of CONTROL OF EMOTIONS. Make sure it fits the blanks.
be cool as a cucumber go to pieces
be tough as nails hold one’s head up
keep one’s chin up fall apart
pull oneself together
1. When the other children made fun of Annie because her dress was torn, she __ _.
2. When Mrs. Skelley heard that her son was in a bad automobile accident, she ____ __.
3. Just __ _and tell the judge exactly what happened.
4. Even though Mr. Kidder was very much in debt, he tried to __ _in public.
5. Although the crowd disliked his speech and called him names, Senator Thompson __ _
6. When Mrs. Smith was fired from a job she had had for twenty-five years, she __ _
7. After Franny was attacked on the street and her pocketbook was stolen, she __ _and went to the police.
General Vocabulary Exercise
Use the appropriate from of the word given in the brackets to fill in the corresponding blank.
1. New York’s hot weather is often ____ by its humidity. (aggravation)
2. Many people ____ to change their habits and never do. (resolution)
3. Jonas Salk found a new ____ of preventing polio. (methodical)
4. Franklin’s writings contain many ____ to the reader. (admonish)
5. The injured child was taken to a ____. (clinical)
6. The hosts at the party were especially ____. (congeniality)
7. He had an ____ attack of appendicitis. (acuteness)
8. His scornful ____ was very irritating. (deride)
Analogies
Select the lettered pair that best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the original pair.
1. CELLAR: ROOF:
A. nadir: perigee B. furnace: antenna
C. apogee: zenith D. storage: attic
2. FOOD: CONDIMENTS:
A. edible: inedible B. conversation: wit
C. viands: spice D. native: exotic
3. FANS: BLEAVHERS:
A. team: goalpost B. stadium: crowd
C. team: goalpost D. umpire: decision
4. SARTORIAL: TAILOR:
A. pictorial B. dramatic: designer
C. histrionic: singer D. terpsichorean: dance
5. INTEREST: USURER;
A. frugality: miser B. pleasure: use
C. think: logician D. anger: wrath
6. BUOY: SHIP:
A. lighthouse: rock B. conduct: rule
C. law: citizen D. lawyer: court
7. ERRATA: BOOKS:
A. erasures: accounts B. bowdlerize: literature
C. purification: water D. flaws: jewels
8. POET: ECLOGUE:
A. philosopher: nature B. dramatist: scenery
C. sculptor: marble D. seamstress: gown
Key
◆Close
Read through the following passage and then decide which of the choices givenbelow would correctly complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks.
The term “convention” is generally applied to a multilateral treaty of a law-making type. 1 are many conventions concluded since the Second World War 2 the framework of the United Nations Charter, such as the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 1961, the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations of 1963, convention on the 3 of the sea and other. Law-making treaties concluded 4 the guidance of one or other of the specialized agencies of the United Nations 5 normally take the form of conventions: 6 are conventions of the suppression of unlawful acts against the safety of civil aviation, and the series of anti-pollution conventions. Treaties 7 establish international unions of a technical character may also be designated as conventions — for example, the carious conventions 8 the protection of intellectual property, the Universal Postal Convention, and the International Telecommunications Convention.
However, “convention” 9 indicate not only multilateral treaties of a law-making type , but also bilateral treaties, such as consular conventions, double taxation conventions and others.
1. A. There B. They C. Some D. Few
2. A. over B. within C. of D. on
3. A. rule B. control C. division D. law
4. A. under B. with C. at D. as
5. A. never B. also C. seldom D. yet
6. A. there B. they C. examples D. cases
7. A. when B. which C. who D. thus
8. A. for B. of C. under D. with
9. A. used to B. is using to C. uses to D. is used to
key
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