?2.…and the customs of the peoples of past and present?:

people可以分三种情况来讨论。

①当people指“人(person)”,或泛指“人们”,或者指特定场合的人以及家里人时,是个复数名词,无单数形 式。例如:The street was crowded with people.街上挤满了人。

②当 people作“民族”讲时,其复数形式为peoples。例如:The Chinese are a hard-working people.中华民族是一个勤劳的民族。

③the people指 一个国家的人民或全世界的人民或与统治阶级相对的人民,它在 形式上是单数,但其谓语动词要用复数。例如:He lived for the people and died for the people.他为人民而生,又为人民而死。