• Word Pretest:
  • 1.crude adj.(a) not well finished; not completely worked out; rough 粗陋的; 未完成的; 粗糙的: a crude sketch, method, approximation 粗略的草图﹑ 方法﹑ 估计 * His paintings are rather crude, ie not skilfully done. 他画的画还不够成熟. * I made my own crude garden furniture. 我给我那园子做了一套简陋的家具. (b) not showing taste or refinement; coarse 粗俗的; 粗鲁的: crude manners 粗鲁的举止 * He made some crude (ie sexually offensive) jokes. 他说了一些粗俗的（淫秽的）笑话.
  • 2.principal   adj [attrib 作定语] first in rank or importance; chief; main 级别最高的; 最重要的; 为首的; 主要的: the principal members of the government 政府高级官员 * The Danube is one of the principal rivers of Europe. 多瑙河是欧洲的主要河流之一. * The principal aim of the policy is to bring peace to the area. 该政策的主要目的是为给这一地区带来和平. * The low salary is her principal reason for leaving the job. 工资太低是她辞去那工作的最重要的原因. * the principal beneficiaries of a will 遗嘱中继承遗产的主要受益人.
  • 3. idol  n image of a god, often carved in stone, wood, etc and used as an object of worship 神像（常为石雕﹑ 木刻等供顶礼膜拜用）.
    person or thing that is greatly loved or admired 受崇拜与热爱的人或物: As an only child he was the idol of his parents. 他是独生子, 是父母的宠儿. * The Beatles were the pop idols of the 60's. 披头士乐队是六十年代人们崇拜的偶像.
  • 4. presume   v [Tf, Cn.a, Cn.t] suppose (sth) to be true; take (sth) for granted 假定（某事物）是事实; 认定（某事物）; 假设; 推测: I presume that an agreement will eventually be reached. 我想最终是会达成协议的. * `Are the neighbours away on holiday?' `I presume so.' ‘邻居们去度假了吗?’‘我想是的.’ * In English law, an accused man is presumed (to be) innocent until he is proved guilty. 根据英国的法律, 被告未经证明有罪即认为是清白的. * Twelve passengers are missing, presumed dead. 十二名乘客失踪, 据信已经死亡.
  • 5. modify v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] change (sth) slightly, esp to make it less extreme or to improve it 稍改（某事物）; （尤指）使缓和, 使改善, 使改进: The union has been forced to modify its position. 工会被迫稍稍改变立场. * The policy was agreed by the committee, but only in a modified form. 那政策惟经修改後始获委员会同意. * The heating system has recently been modified to make it more efficient. 最近供暖设备已稍加改动以提高效率
  • 6. lunar  adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of the moon 月球的; 月亮的: lunar rocks 月岩 * a lunar eclipse 月蚀.
  • 7. sponsor n.发起者，主办者 vt.发起，主办；资助
  • 8. decree vt.判决，命令