• Word Pretest:
  • 1.substitute:One that takes the place of another; a replacement: 代用品替代者；代替物：e.g.
    “Fantasies are more than substitutes for unpleasant reality”(Barbara Grizzuti Harrison)
    “幻想的意义并不仅仅在于作为失意的现实的替代物”(芭芭拉·格里族提·哈里森)
  • 2. smart : Characterized by sharp, quick thought; bright.
    机智的以快速、灵活的思考为特点的；聪明的
    Amusingly clever; witty: 聪慧的聪明得可爱的；反应机敏的：e.g.
    a smart quip; a lively, smart conversation 有趣的俏皮话；一次活泼，机敏的谈话
    Impertinent; insolent: 无礼的不礼貌的；粗鲁的：e.g.
    That's enough of your smart talk. 你的这些无礼之言该收起来了
    Energetic or quick in movement: 敏捷的行动迅速或有力的：e.g.
    a smart pace 敏捷的步伐
    Canny and shrewd in dealings with others: 精明的与人相处狡猾且有计谋的：e.g.
    a smart business person 精明的生意人
  • 3. identify: To establish the identity of 建立一致性
    To ascertain the origin, nature, or definitive characteristics of.
    确认，验明确定…的起源、性质或起决定作用的特征
  • 4. attach: To fasten, secure, or join 系，贴或连接
    To connect as an adjunct or associated condition or part:
    使联系连接成为附加的、关联的情形或部分： e.g.
    Many major issues are attached to this legislation. They gained influence by attaching themselves to prominent city institutions.
    许多重要事务同这项立法相联系。他们通过与卓著的城市机构之间的联系而获得威望
    To affix or append; add: 附加粘合或连结；添加：e.g.
    We attached several riders to the document. 我们在主文件上加了几条附文
    To ascribe or assign: 认为有（重要性等）归咎于或指定：e.g.
    attached no significance to the threat 不重视这种威肋
  • 5. stereotype:A conventional, formulaic, and oversimplified conception, opinion, or image:
    陈规一种传统的、公式化的、过分简化的理解、观点、或形象：e.g.
    “Regional stereotypes have been part of America since its founding. . . . Westerners are trendy, Midwesterners are dull, Northeasterners are brainy, and Southerners are lazy”(Brad Edmondson) “地区性旧习自从美国确立起就成为它的一部分…西部人时髦，中西部人木讷，东北部人机智，南方人懒惰”(布拉德·埃德蒙森)
  • 6.notion:A belief or opinion 思想或观念
    A mental image or representation; an idea or conception 心理形象或象征；想法或构思
    A fanciful impulse; a whim 理解，认识幻想，想入非非的念头
  • 7. confess:To disclose (something damaging or inconvenient to oneself); admit.
    坦白披露（对自己不利或有害的事物）；承认
    To acknowledge belief or faith in; profess 承认信仰或信奉…；公开承认
    To make known (one's sins) to God or to a priest 忏悔向上帝或神父忏悔（自己的罪行）
    To hear the confession of (a penitent) 聆听（信徒的）忏悔
  • 8. project : A plan or proposal; a scheme 计划，方案计划或提议；方案
    An undertaking requiring concerted effort: 工程需要一致协调努力的任务：e.g.
    a community cleanup project; a government-funded irrigation project
    社区清洁计划；由政府出资的灌溉工程
    An extensive task undertaken by a student or group of students to apply, illustrate, or supplement classroom lessons.    研究计划,一个学生或一组学生执行以使用、阐明或补遗课堂作业的大量任务
    e.g. A housing project 房屋设计
  • 9. appeal: An earnest or urgent request, entreaty, or supplication.
    呼吁，恳求热切或急切的要求、请求或恳求
    A resort or application to a higher authority, as for sanction, corroboration, or a decision:
    诉诸，求助于为认可、确认或决定而向更高机构求助：e.g.
    an appeal to reason 诉诸理性
  • 10.  peer: A person who has equal standing with another or others, as in rank, class, or age:
    同辈，同等的人与他人在如爵位、阶级或年龄上相当的人：e.g.
    children who are easily influenced by their peers 易受同龄人影响的孩子
    A nobleman 贵族
    A man who holds a peerage by descent or appointment 一个由世袭或任命而获爵位的男人